The generator of the wind turbine can be a permanent magnet synchronous generator pmsg, doubly fed induction generator, induction. Energy conversion factors average energy content of various fuels 1 kilowatt hour of electricity 3,4 btu 1 cubic foot of natural gas 1,008 to 1,034 btu 1 therm of natural gas 100,000 btu 1 gallon of liquefied petroleum gas lpg 95,475 btu 1 gallon of crude oil 8,095 btu 1 barrel of crude oil 5,800,000 btu. August 2019 source energy page 5 technical reference onsite fuel conversion the objective of the conversion to source energy is to quantify the total amount of energy, by accounting for conversion, transmission, and distribution losses. Thermal energy conversions use portfolio manager energy star. The tonnes of oil equivalent has been adopted as the accounting unit. About 34% of this energy is reflected off clouds, dust particles, and the earth. However, in most cases your energy bills are not presented in these units and are not tied to calendar months. The panels are called photovoltaic cells which are found on things like spacecraft, rooftops, and calculators. Energy content in some common energy sources some common heating fuels and their energy content. This overview describes the most important units of energy and their conversion factors. Toolbox download our oilfield conversion factors pdf download important disclaimer. This may be governed by regulation, contract, technical specifications or other published standards.
It was compiled from a wide range of sources, and is designed to be concise and convenient rather than allinclusive. However, conversion factors may require greater degrees of accuracy to ensure nonzero outcomes. For consistency and comparability, all energy performance metrics in portfolio manager reports are expressed in either thousand british thermal units kbtu or billion joules gj and are annualized to 12 calendar months. Conversion factors for bioenergy nc state extension.
For example, energy conversion factors range from 1. Energy production and use touch our lives in countless ways. Energy and power conversion factors the tables below list conversion factors for units of energy and power used in this activity guide. Unit conversion factors quantity equivalent values mass 1 kg g 0. Nevertheless, in the energy sector a lot of other units are used. The main eu energy and energy and climate policy objectives in the longterm perspective are. More detailed conversion factors are usually given in handbooks. The efficiency of an energy conversion device is a quantitative expression of this balance between energy input and energy output. This is a quickreference list of conversion factors used by the bioenergy feedstock development programs at ornl. Chemistry conversion factors and constants metric conversion factors prefix abbreviation conversion factor for example for example mega m 000 10 6 1 megabyte 1 x 10 bytes 1 byte 106 megabytes kilo k 10 3 1 kilometer meters 1 meter 0. Thermodynamics effects of work, heat and energy on systems.
Conversion factors charcoal kiln factors used to convert quantities from original physical unit into a common accounting unit for the purpose of aggregating different energy sources. Energy measurements and conversion iowa state university. The calculator uses the most current energy, travel, and waste data from the energy log, the travel log, and the waste log. These are given on pages v and 26 of on nuclear technology. Energy joule j electricity and heat generation watt hours wh power peak capacity watt watt thermal, watt electric w w th, w e capacity factor percent % technical and economic lifetime years yr specific energy investment costs us dollar 2010 per kw peak capacity usd 2010 kw energy costs e. Oilfield conversion factors energy news for the canadian. These emission conversion factors can be used to report on 2019 greenhouse gas emissions by uk based organisations of all sizes, and for international organisations reporting on.
Power the rate of energy transfer if the amount of energy e is transferred in the period t, then the power p is. Standard heat content assumptions are used for fuels tracked by mass or volume. Electromagnetic energy conversion energy conversion electrical energy conversion direct energy conversion stanley direct energy conversion by angrist, s. A wind energy conversion system wecs is powered by wind energy and generates mechanical energy that sends energy to the electrical generator for making electricity. Calculation of critical efficiency factors of microwave energy conversion into heat. Jun 04, 2019 these emission conversion factors can be used to report on 2019 greenhouse gas emissions by uk based organisations of all sizes, and for international organisations reporting on uk operations. Conversion factors volume home energy news for the. The process of conversion depends on the specific situation and the intended purpose. Handbook of chemistry and physics energy conversion factors. Area natural gas liquid volume density power energy petroleum specific gravity force pressure heating values pipe pressure length speed mass. With wind turbine generators, this mechanical energy is converted into electricity and in windmills this energy is used to do work such as pumping water, mill grains, or drive machinery.
Database documentation 2019 edition international energy agency transformation processes flow short name definition transformation processes tottranf transformation processes comprise the conversion of primary forms of energy to secondary and further transformation e. Although these units are in common usage throughout the energy industry, they are generally not well understood by nonexperts. Energymassvolume conversion factors 2 currency conversions 2 decimal places and significant figures 2 general conversion tables 2 conversion base rates 3 references 4. Some units and conversion factors for energy are given here. Solar panels produce energy less than a tenth of one percent of the entire global energy demand. Convert between energy units engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Multiply units appearing in lefthand column by appropriate numerical factor to obtain. The topics considered include energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management and. Therefore, a series of procedures is applied to make these. Energy conversion device energy input energy output energy output energy input 1st law useful energy output energy input 2nd law figure 41.
How do conversion factors influence eu energy and climate targets. The sun beams more than enough energy onto the earth to meet the needs of global energy demand for a whole year. At present, dietary fibre is determined by a number of methods yielding different results. Solar photons convert naturally into three forms of energyelectricity, chemical fuel, and heatthat link seamlessly with existing energy chains. Energy information administration, shortterm energy outlook, february 2016 and eia, aeo2016 national energy modeling system run ref2016. Forest products measurements and conversion factors. In addition to the set of base quantity conversions, platts. The carbon footprint calculator converts each of these energy, travel, and waste sources from their original unit of measure, for example, kwh or miles, to tons co 2 per year by applying emission conversion factors. Pdf energy conversion engineering or heatpower engineering. Methods of analysis and conversion factors met in rome from 3 to 6 december 2002 and examined a number of topics related to the various methods of analysis of macronutrients in food and the energy conversion factors used, including close consideration of various options, as well as. The appendixes provide tables of standard conversion between imperial and metric measures, conversion factors used by the u. The government conversion factors for greenhouse gas reporting are suitable for use by uk based organisations of all sizes, and for international organisations reporting on uk operations. Conversion of units is the conversion between different units of measurement for the same quantity, typically through multiplicative conversion factors. When energy conversion occurs on site, the losses or gains from grid.
Office of energy efficiency and renewable energy, operated by the midwest research institute battelle doego1020082597 october 2008 printed with a renewablesource ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% postconsumer waste. Conversion factors energy information administration. Wind energy conversion system an overview sciencedirect. Application of conversion factors for electricity in eu legislative acts 5. Conversion factors are provided in detailed tables at the end of this document. Overview this guide and interactive spreadsheet provides a number of useful conversion factors to help you calculate energy consumption in common units and to work out the greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy use. Despite the enormous energy flux supplied by the sun, the three conversion routes supply only a tiny fraction of our current and future energy needs. British thermal unit conversion factors the thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in british thermal units btu of a given amount of energy measured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. E notation is an alternative format of the scientific notation 10 x.
Wind energy conversion systems wecs are designed to convert the energy of wind movement into mechanical power. These common units are usually energy units and require the conversion. Energy storage in heated water kwh thermal energy stored in heated water. The units of energy calculator that can be started here assists at the calculations. Schematic representation of an energy conversion device. Most conversion factors and data are given to only 3 significant figures. The best solar energy input being recorded during high noon and cloudless sky is around 1,070 watts per square meter. To convert from one unit of energy or power to another, multiply the value of the unit you wish to convert from listed in the lefthand column by the conversion factor underneath the unit you wish to convert. Pdf calculation of critical efficiency factors of microwave. For your convenience, you may convert energies online below. Heat, work and energy heat, work and energy tutorial essentials as.
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